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Come elencare i codici del tipo di partizione del file system in Linux


Comprendere i codici del tipo di partizione del file system su un sistema Linux è fondamentale per gestire in modo efficace dischi e partizioni. Questi codici aiutano a identificare il tipo di filesystem e il ruolo delle partizioni all'interno del sistema. Questa guida ti guiderà attraverso i passaggi per elencare questi codici di tipo di partizione utilizzando vari strumenti da riga di comando in Linux.

In questo tutorial imparerai:

  • Come elencare i codici dei tipi di partizione del file system utilizzando lo strumento parted
  • Come controllare i tipi di filesystem con il comando lsblk
  • Come utilizzare il comando blkid per identificare i tipi di filesystem

Elenco dei codici del tipo di partizione del file system

Per elencare i codici dei tipi di partizione del file system in Linux, puoi utilizzare diversi strumenti come parted, lsblk e blkid. Ciascuno strumento fornisce diversi livelli di dettaglio e utilità.

  1. Utilizzo di parted per elencare i tipi di partizioni del file system: lo strumento parted è un'utilità versatile per la gestione delle partizioni. Puoi usarlo per elencare i dettagli delle partizioni, inclusi i loro tipi. Assicurati di sostituire /dev/vda con il disco che desideri controllare.

    $ sudo parted /dev/vda print

    L'esecuzione di questo comando fornisce informazioni dettagliate sulle partizioni sul disco specificato. Per esempio:

    Model: Virtio Block Device (virtblk)
    Disk /dev/vda: 21.5GB
    Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
    Partition Table: msdos
    Disk Flags: 
    
    Number  Start   End     Size    Type      File system     Flags
     1      1049kB  20.5GB  20.4GB  primary   ext4            boot
     2      20.5GB  21.5GB  1022MB  extended
     5      20.5GB  21.5GB  1022MB  logical   linux-swap(v1)  swap
  2. Questo output fornisce una chiara panoramica delle partizioni, incluso il loro numero, punti iniziale e finale, dimensione, tipo, file system e flag. data-fuse="22189504506">

  3. Verifica dei tipi di file system con lsblk: il comando lsblk viene utilizzato per elencare le informazioni su tutti i dispositivi a blocchi disponibili o specificati. Può mostrare i tipi di filesystem per le partizioni esistenti.

    $ lsblk -f

    L'esecuzione di questo comando fornisce informazioni dettagliate tra cui il nome del dispositivo, il tipo di file system, l'etichetta, l'UUID e il punto di montaggio. Per esempio:

    NAME   FSTYPE FSVER LABEL UUID                                 FSAVAIL FSUSE% MOUNTPOINTS
    sr0                                                                           
    vda                                                                           
    |-vda1 ext4   1.0         afe6ae42-efc9-4744-a89a-f67fdede384f   11.2G    34% /
    |-vda2                                                                        
    `-vda5 swap   1           611bdcaa-fbaa-4512-8173-396efe9a67bf                [SWAP]
    
  4. Questo output aiuta a comprendere i tipi di file system di ciascuna partizione del sistema.

  5. Identificazione dei tipi di filesystem con blkid: il comando blkid è un altro strumento utile per identificare i tipi di filesystem sui dispositivi a blocchi.

    $ sudo blkid

    L'esecuzione di questo comando visualizza l'UUID e il tipo di tutti i dispositivi a blocchi disponibili. Per esempio:

    /dev/vda5: UUID="611bdcaa-fbaa-4512-8173-396efe9a67bf" TYPE="swap" PARTUUID="53855f89-05"
    /dev/vda1: UUID="afe6ae42-efc9-4744-a89a-f67fdede384f" BLOCK_SIZE="4096" TYPE="ext4" PARTUUID="53855f89-01"

  6. Elenco dei codici dei tipi di partizione del filesystem con i comandi parted, lsblk e blkid Linux
    Queste informazioni sono utili per identificare e gestire i tipi di file system sulle partizioni.

Nei sistemi Linux, la gestione delle partizioni del disco è un compito cruciale per ottimizzare l'archiviazione e garantire un funzionamento efficiente del sistema. Ogni partizione è identificata da un ID di tipo univoco, che ne definisce lo scopo e il filesystem che supporta. Comprendere questi tipi di partizioni è essenziale per attività quali l'installazione del sistema, l'organizzazione dei dati e le configurazioni ad avvio multiplo. Di seguito è riportata una tabella completa che elenca vari tipi di ID di partizione, i relativi nomi e descrizioni dettagliate, fornendo agli utenti Linux le informazioni necessarie per gestire in modo efficace le partizioni del disco.

Tipi di ID di partizione

ID Name Description
00 Empty No partition, used to denote unused space.
01 FAT12 File Allocation Table (12-bit), used in very early versions of DOS and Windows for small floppy disks.
02 XENIX root Xenix root filesystem, used by the Xenix operating system, which is a version of Unix licensed by Microsoft.
03 XENIX usr Xenix /usr filesystem, another partition type used by the Xenix operating system.
04 FAT16 <32M File Allocation Table (16-bit), used in DOS and early versions of Windows for partitions smaller than 32MB.
05 Extended Extended partition, used to overcome the four primary partition limit in MBR by creating logical partitions.
06 FAT16 File Allocation Table (16-bit), used in DOS and early versions of Windows for partitions larger than 32MB.
07 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT High Performance File System (OS/2), New Technology File System (Windows NT and later), or Extended File Allocation Table (large file support, USB drives).
08 AIX IBM AIX filesystem, used by IBM’s Advanced Interactive eXecutive Unix-based operating system.
09 AIX bootable IBM AIX bootable partition, used to start the AIX operating system.
0a OS/2 Boot Manager OS/2 Boot Manager, used to manage booting multiple operating systems on IBM’s OS/2 systems.
0b W95 FAT32 File Allocation Table (32-bit), used in Windows 95 OSR2 and later for larger partitions.
0c W95 FAT32 (LBA) File Allocation Table (32-bit) with Logical Block Addressing, used in Windows 95 OSR2 and later for large partitions with improved BIOS support.
0e W95 FAT16 (LBA) File Allocation Table (16-bit) with Logical Block Addressing, used in Windows 95 and later for improved BIOS support.
0f W95 Ext’d (LBA) Extended partition with Logical Block Addressing, used in Windows 95 and later for creating logical partitions.
10 OPUS OPUS, used by the OPUS operating system, which is not widely known or used today.
11 Hidden FAT12 Hidden File Allocation Table (12-bit), similar to FAT12 but hidden from the operating system to protect data.
12 Compaq diagnostics Compaq diagnostics partition, used to store diagnostic tools and utilities on Compaq computers.
14 Hidden FAT16 <32M Hidden File Allocation Table (16-bit), used for partitions smaller than 32MB and hidden from the operating system.
16 Hidden FAT16 Hidden File Allocation Table (16-bit), used for larger partitions and hidden from the operating system.
17 Hidden HPFS/NTFS Hidden High Performance File System or New Technology File System, used to protect data by hiding the partition from the operating system.
18 AST SmartSleep Used by AST’s SmartSleep feature for managing power and sleep modes on their computers.
1b Hidden W95 FAT32 Hidden File Allocation Table (32-bit), used to protect data by hiding the partition from the operating system.
1c Hidden W95 FAT32 (LBA) Hidden File Allocation Table (32-bit) with Logical Block Addressing, for improved BIOS support and data protection.
1e Hidden W95 FAT16 (LBA) Hidden File Allocation Table (16-bit) with Logical Block Addressing, for improved BIOS support and data protection.
24 NEC DOS Used by NEC DOS, a Disk Operating System variant developed by NEC.
27 Hidden NTFS Win Hidden New Technology File System for Windows, used to protect data by hiding the partition from the operating system.
39 Plan 9 Used by the Plan 9 from Bell Labs operating system, a distributed OS designed as a successor to Unix.
3c PartitionMagic Used by PartitionMagic, a utility for partitioning hard drives, creating, resizing, and managing partitions.
40 Venix 80286 Used by Venix, a Unix-like operating system for the Intel 80286 processor.
41 PPC PReP Boot PowerPC Reference Platform Boot partition, used to boot PowerPC-based systems.
42 SFS Secure File System, used for enhanced file security and encryption.
4d QNX4.x Used by QNX 4.x, a real-time operating system.
4e QNX4.x 2nd part Second partition used by QNX 4.x.
4f QNX4.x 3rd part Third partition used by QNX 4.x.
50 OnTrack DM Used by OnTrack Disk Manager, a utility for managing and optimizing disk drives.
51 OnTrack DM6 Aux Auxiliary partition used by OnTrack Disk Manager 6.
52 CP/M Used by CP/M (Control Program for Microcomputers), an early operating system for microcomputers.
53 OnTrack DM6 Aux Another auxiliary partition used by OnTrack Disk Manager 6.
54 OnTrackDM6 Primary partition used by OnTrack Disk Manager 6.
55 EZ-Drive Used by EZ-Drive, a utility for managing and optimizing disk drives, often used to overcome BIOS limitations.
56 Golden Bow Partition used by Golden Bow, a disk optimization and management utility.
5c Priam Edisk Used by Priam’s EDISK, an early disk management utility.
61 SpeedStor Partition used by SpeedStor, a utility for managing and optimizing hard drives.
63 GNU HURD or SysV Partition used by the GNU HURD operating system or System V Unix.
64 Novell Netware Partition used by Novell Netware, a network operating system.
65 Novell Netware Another partition used by Novell Netware.
70 DiskSecure Mult Partition used by DiskSecure Multi-Boot, a utility for managing multiple operating systems on one disk.
75 PC/IX Partition used by PC/IX, an early Unix-like operating system for IBM PCs.
80 Old Minix Partition used by the early versions of Minix, a Unix-like operating system.
81 Minix / old Linux Partition used by Minix or early versions of the Linux operating system.
82 Linux swap / Solaris Swap partition used by Linux or Solaris operating systems.
83 Linux Primary partition used by the Linux operating system.
84 OS/2 hidden or Hidden partition used by IBM’s OS/2 operating system, or possibly other uses.
85 Linux extended Extended partition used by Linux to overcome the primary partition limit.
86 NTFS volume set Partition used by NTFS volume sets, for spanning multiple disks.
87 NTFS volume set Another partition used by NTFS volume sets.
88 Linux plaintext Partition used by Linux for plaintext data storage.
8e Linux LVM Partition used by Linux Logical Volume Manager, for managing disk volumes.
93 Amoeba Partition used by the Amoeba distributed operating system.
94 Amoeba BBT Bad Block Table used by the Amoeba distributed operating system.
9f BSD/OS Partition used by BSD/OS, a commercial version of the Berkeley Software Distribution Unix operating system.
a0 IBM Thinkpad hidden Hidden partition used by IBM ThinkPad laptops for recovery and system management.
a5 FreeBSD Partition used by FreeBSD, an open-source Unix-like operating system.
a6 OpenBSD Partition used by OpenBSD, a security-focused Unix-like operating system.
a7 NeXTSTEP Partition used by NeXTSTEP, an operating system developed by NeXT.
a8 Darwin UFS Partition used by Darwin, the open-source Unix-like foundation of macOS, with UFS (Unix File System).
a9 NetBSD Partition used by NetBSD, an open-source Unix-like operating system known for its portability.
ab Darwin boot Boot partition used by Darwin.
af HFS / HFS+ Partition used by Apple’s Hierarchical File System and HFS Plus, used in macOS.
b7 BSDI fs Filesystem partition used by BSDI, a commercial BSD Unix operating system.
b8 BSDI swap Swap partition used by BSDI.
bb Boot Wizard hidden Hidden partition used by Boot Wizard for boot management and recovery.
bc Acronis FAT32 L Partition used by Acronis for FAT32 large volumes.
be Solaris boot Boot partition used by the Solaris operating system.
bf Solaris Primary partition used by the Solaris operating system.
c1 DRDOS/sec (FAT-) Secondary FAT partition used by DR-DOS.
c4 DRDOS/sec (FAT-) Another secondary FAT partition used by DR-DOS.
c6 DRDOS/sec (FAT-) Yet another secondary FAT partition used by DR-DOS.
c7 Syrinx Partition used by Syrinx, a file system for research purposes.
da Non-FS data Partition containing non-filesystem data, often used for proprietary formats or special purposes.
db CP/M / CTOS / … Partition used by CP/M, CTOS, and other older operating systems.
de Dell Utility Utility partition used by Dell computers for diagnostics and recovery tools.
df BootIt Partition used by BootIt, a boot manager and partitioning utility.
e1 DOS access Partition used by DOS for access control or special purposes.
e3 DOS R/O Read-only partition used by DOS for protected data.
e4 SpeedStor Partition used by SpeedStor, a utility for managing and optimizing hard drives.
ea Linux extended Extended partition used by Linux, similar to the standard extended partition but specifically for Linux systems.
eb BeOS fs Filesystem partition used by the BeOS operating system.
ee GPT GUID Partition Table, used for modern partitioning with large disk support and redundancy.
ef EFI (FAT-12/16/32) EFI System Partition, used by UEFI firmware to boot the operating system.
f0 Linux/PA-RISC boot Boot partition used by Linux on PA-RISC systems.
f1 SpeedStor Another partition used by SpeedStor.
f2 DOS secondary Secondary partition used by DOS for additional data storage or special purposes.
f4 SpeedStor Yet another partition used by SpeedStor.
f8 EBBR protective EBBR protective partition, used to protect the disk from being overwritten by legacy BIOS tools.
fb VMware VMFS Partition used by VMware’s Virtual Machine File System for storing virtual machine disk images.
fc VMware VMKCORE Partition used by VMware for VMkernel core dumps.
fd Linux raid auto Partition used by Linux for automatic RAID detection and configuration.
fe LANstep Partition used by LANstep, a network utility for DOS.
ff BBT Bad Block Table, used to track bad sectors on the disk.

Conclusione

Comprendere i codici del tipo di partizione del file system è essenziale per una gestione efficace del disco e delle partizioni in Linux. Utilizzando strumenti come parted, lsblk e blkid, puoi facilmente elencare e identificare i tipi di filesystem sul tuo sistema, aiutandoti a migliorare l'organizzazione e manutenzione dei tuoi dati.

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